Test yourself, October, 2001

41. In the warrior I pose, which one of the following muscles lengthens eccentrically as you come into the posture?
a) quadriceps femoris muscles
b) deep back muscles
c) extensor muscles of the neck
d) muscles of the arm that face to your rear
e) muscles of the arm that face to your front

42. Traumatic injury to the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) at which one of the following sites would leave the chest and abdominal muscles of respiration paralyzed but would permit the diaphragm to function and life to be sustained?
a) Cerebrum (for corticopontine and corticomedullary influences)
b) brain stem between pons and medulla
c) junction of brain stem and C1 level of spinal cord
d) C6 level of spinal cord
e) L1 level of spinal cord

43. Which two (out of five) of the following pairs of muscles are isometrically active during classic supine double leglifts?
a) rectus abdominis muscles
b) iliacus muscles
c) psoas muscles
d) rectus femoris muscles
e) deep back (paraspinal) muscles

44. The anterior functional unit of the spine permits spinal twisting and bending. Which two out of five of the following are included in that unit?
a) intervertebral disks
b) spinous processes
c) spinal laminae
d) vertebral bodies
e) transverse processes

45. Which one of the following postures features diaphragm-restricted backbending?
a) classic cobra
b) standing backbend
c) upward-facing dog
d) expert’s supported half locust
e) diaphragmatic rear lift

46. During the course of which two of the following forward bends does inhalation increase tension in the torso (as contrasted to diminishing the bend)?
a) expert’s advanced posterior stretch (paschimottanasana)
b) novice’s posterior stretch hanging on tightly to the ankles with the hands
c) half plow
d) inflexible beginner’s standing forward bend
e) intermediate student’s sitting forward bend with the fists placed in the armpits

47. Which one of the following is not a fundamental characteristic of twists?
a) axial compression is produced by most twists
b) torque is always needed to actuate twists
c) twists are always asymmetrical
d) twists are usually aided by gravity
e) twisting is generally stopped by structural constraints

48. Which two of the following seven muscles do not play important roles in stabilizing the scapulae?
a) trapezius
b) rhomboids
c) pectoralis minor
d) pectoralis major
e) latissimus dorsi
f) levator scapulae
g) serratus anterior

49. Using the classification and terminology for inverted postures in the text Anatomy of Hatha Yoga, which two of the following poses create marked stretch and tension in the neck?
a) candle pose
b) easy inverted action pose
c) lifted plow
d) lifted shoulderstand
e) stage three (third variation) of the plow
f) viparitakarani mudra
g) stage one (first variation) of the plow

50. Which two of the following are not included in the parasympathetic nervous system (craniosacral outflow)?
a) vagus nerve (tenth cranial nerve)
b) seventh and ninth cranial nerves to the salivary glands
c) sacral plexus that empties the bladder
d) solar plexus
e) nerves that serve to dilate bronchioles
f) nerves that control accommodation for near vision
g) nerves that stimulate digestion